摘要:本文分析了全世界光伏市场的发展情况和趋势,指出晶体硅太阳能电池在今后十年内仍占主导市场,降低成本的途径在于进一步降低硅片的用量和提高转换效率。最后对全世界光伏产业的发展作出展望,预测未来十年光伏产业的平均增长率为29%,提出政府的政策法规是对光伏产业最有影响力的因素的观点。希望我国政府尽快制定强有力的政策,使我国的光伏产业在激烈的竞争中健康发展。
Abstract:
In the last decade, photovoltaic (PV) industry has progressed quite substantially due to great support of governments in the developed countries, as well as technological advancement in PV industry. Crystalline silicon solar cells account for about 90% PV market worldwide and will still remail the key technology in the forseeable future. PV industry will continue to boom in the future, with annual growth rate around 29%. Government's support and policy will still play an important role in developing this industry. As China has joined WTO, the effective support policies from Chinese government are essential to speed up the growth of PV industry in China.
一、 前言
电的发明使人类社会的发展进入了一个划时代的文明阶段,在上世纪的中、后期,人们在航天、交通、通讯等领域的技术发展使人类更多地了解了自然和宇宙的神秘,更快地促进了人类文明的发展,同时,人类对能源的需求也越来越大。直到目前为止,人类主要依赖煤、石油和天然气等化石燃料而生存。随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对能源的需求不断扩大,于是给现实社会带来两大问题:能源危机——煤和石油的储藏量相当有限,取之有尽;环境污染——以煤、石油的大量燃烧而排放的废气(CO2和SO2)所产生的环境污染和温室效应使人类的生存环境不断恶化。上述两大问题迫使人们将眼光投向新的绿色能源的开发和利用。本文总结了近年来全球光伏产业的发展情况,尤其是西方发达国家为推动新能源产业所作的努力,展望了中国和世界光伏产业发展的前景。