Outline for Development of the New and Renewable Energy in China

(From 1996 to 2010)

 Objectives and Tasks

 Objectives

For the coming 15 years, as the general objectives, the development of the new and renewable energy aims to increase the conversion efficiency, reduce the production cost and increase the proportion of the new and renewable energy in the energy structure; to strive for a big breakthrough in innovative process and technology in order to make it possible to form a comparatively perfect production and service system through mass and modernized production; to realize the target on its applications up to 3.9 million tons of standard coal (including traditional application of biomass energy) so as to make contributions to the sustainable development of national economy and environmental protection. This objective can be realized into two phases:

In the first phase (from now to year of 2000), through reinforcing scientific research, development and demonstration works, technology of the new energy can match or catch up with the world advanced level, among which ripe and practical technology must tend to industrialize and popularize its application into the market as soon as possible in order to gradually alter the situation of low-efficient utilization of biomass energy and to bring into play of the new and renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy so that the remote areas and islands can be powered. The total volume of utilization of the new and renewable energy will reach 298 million tons of standard coal.

In the second phase (from years 2001 to 2010), the new energy technology must be comprehensively popularized and applied, and state-of-the-art industrial and scientific research system should be established so that the main technical projects can basically satisfy the demand of mass production. The total volume of utilization of the new and renewable energy will increase to 390 million tons of standard coal.

Tasks

In order to realize the above-mentioned objectives, the development and utilization of the new and renewable energy are targeted to accomplish the research and development on the crucial technology that are be of great value to the construction of national economy and ecological environment from later of this century to early of next century. The main missions are to reinforce the pilot demonstrations and the conversion of the scientific achievements in order to facilitate the formation of industrialization, commercial production and promotion. That is to:

•  Research in and develop high-efficient and multifunctional fuel forest tree seeds and the technology of fast growing trees forestation. Set up commercial fuel forest bases, particularly in the areas where soil has been seriously washed off and farmers are short of firewood or in the places with conditions to develop the fuel forests. Strive to make the area of fuel forests reach 6.4 million hectares by 2000 and 13.4 million hectares by 2010 respectively. Others can provide the firewood of 180 million tons yearly (equaling 100 million tons of standard coal) and 270 million tons (equaling 154 million tons of standard coal) respectively.
   

•  Realize commercialized production and sales of the coal saving stoves on the basis of strengthening and upgrading of the research achievement on saving firewood and renovating stoves. Perfect the industrial and service system of the firewood saving stoves, and make the yearly firewood saving volume over 100 million tons, equaling about 50 million tons of standard coal.
  

•  Speed up the replacement of old generations on the applications of biomass energy. Develop high-efficient and direct combustion technology and compact solidified, gasified and liquefied technology. Form and perfect industrial and service system. By 2000 and by 2010, biomass energy can be utilized with the capacity equaling to 2.5 million tons and 17 million tons of standard coal respectively.
  

• Develop the methane energy by conversion of organic wastes in breweries, sugar refineries and livestock and fowl breeding farms into high qualify energies and in line with comprehensive utilization of methane in order to increase the value of application. Strengthen the design specifications, standard and the supply of complete equipment in the large and medium-size methane projects in order to supply methane for 7.55 million households by 2000 and 12.35 million households by 2010, and reach the capacity of 2.26 billion cubic meters (equaling 1.8 million tons of standard coal) by 2000 and 4 billion cubic meters (equaling 3.14 million tons of standard coal) by 2010.
  

• Speed up the development of small hydraulic power energy. By 2000 and by 2010, the installed capacity of small hydraulic power stations will respectively reach 19.85 million kilowatts and 27.88 million kilowatts. Generated energy will reach 74.4 billion kWh and 117 billion kWh, equaling 31.32 million tons and 49.3 million tons of standard coal respectively.
  

• Enlarge the development and utilization of solar energy. Priority should be taken on the popularization and application of energy-saving solar buildings, solar energy water heaters and photovoltaic generating systems. Solar energy buildings and solar energy water heaters must tend to form mass production. Improve the solar energy industrial system and further expand their markets. In particular, unremitting efforts must be made to the development of modules for the solar cells and its allocated crucial process and equipment in order to decrease its production cost. Nine individual photovoltaic power stations should be completed in the 9 no-electricity counties in Tibet by 2000. Popularize the application of low-power photovoltaic system and set up decentralized and centralized grid-connected pilot photovoltaic stations. Total utilization capacity of solar energy will hit 1.23 million tons of standard coal by 2000 and 4.67 million tons of standard by 2010.
  

• Continue to develop the production of small wind turbines and the sales and maintenance service. At the same time, great efforts should be made to increase the design capability and manufacturing process of large wind turbines so as to fasten the domestic manufacturing standard and improve the performance of wind turbines. Concentrate efforts on the development of 200-kilowatt or above wind-driven generators and on the wind power-field control and management system. Intensify and perfect the planning, site selection, exploration and design of the wind power fields, and build a certain of large wind power fields. Create conditions to make the national wind power development capacity reach 0.3-0.4 million kilowatts (equal to 0.35-0.46 million tons of standard coal) by 2000 and 1-1.1 million kilowatts (equal to 1.08 million tons of standard coal) by 2010.
  

• In the course of the development on the geothermal power stations in Tibet, developments on other resources, which are stored with heating, are also accompanying. Adopt new technologies of thermal pump to solve the problems of geothermal corrosion, scale protection and recharge. Further expand the direct utilization of geothermal and the scale of power generation. Strive to realize the object of 0.88 million tons of standard coal by 2000 and 1.51 million tons of standard coal by 2010.
  

•  Tidal energy development focuses mainly on the areas of Zhejiang and Fujian. Before 2000, experiments and researches will be conducted in the development of low-lift and ten thousand-grade generating sets, and the sea engineering. Its development capacity will reach 50,000 kilowatts. Strive to build up 30,000 kilowatts practical power stations by 2010 so that the yearly energy supply capacity can reach 310,000 tons of standard coal.
  

•  Speed up the progress of hydrogen energy producing, storage and equipment in order to make a technical breakthrough. By 2010, strive to build up commercial solar energy and hydrogen energy systems and installations of coal chemical hydrogen making with a scale not less than 5,000 M³H₂ a day.
  

• Strengthen the research on and application of organic wastes renewable technology. More than 50,000 kilowatts of the installed capacity are requested by 2000 powered by use of rice husk, wood, scrap, bagasse and garbage. 300,000 kilowatts by 2010. At that time, the yearly energy supply will equal to 80,000 and 500,000 tons of standard coal.